Selected summarized publications specifically concerned with the properties of Bio-Alcamid™ follow:

'Bio-Alcamid™ in Drug-Induced Lipodystrophy'
Journal of Cosmetic and Laser Therapy 2003; 5: 226-230 Drs. Protopapa, Sito, Caporale, and Cammarota

Summary:

• Facial lipoatrophy has a considerable psychosocial impact on patients of the recently introduced "highly active antiretroviral therapy. the emaciated appearance of individuals treated with this drug render them identifiable as being HIV-infected."
• There is no medical treatment for lipoatrophy.
• Doctors and patients desire an out-patient procedure where the product is easily injected, biocompatible, sterile, and natural appearing.
• "Bio-Alcamid™ is a homogenous compound, not subject to migration like silicone fluid."
• "No complications or adverse reactions were recorded in the three-year follow-up."
• "Together with its [Bio-Alcamid™] chemical properties, rendering it stable from a physiochemical viewpoint, and its non-reabsorbable, non-degradable properties, it stands alone as the only effective alternative to adipose tissue autotransplantation for HIV-infected patients."

'Bio-Alcamid™: A Novelty For Reconstructive and Cosmetic Surgery'
The Italian Journal of Anatomy and Embryology Vol. 107, n. 3: 209-14, July-Sep 2002 Drs. Pacini*, Ruggiero #, Morucci # , Cammarota**, Protopapa°, and Gulisano°

*  Dept. of Human Anatomy, Histology and Forensic Medicine
#  Dept. of Experimental Pathology and Oncology
**  Dept. of Dermatological Sciences, University of Firenze (Italy)
°  Plastic Surgery Department, University of Parma (Italy)
*Click here to view the abstract

Summary:

• "This cosmetic agent has been used for the treatment of 2000 patients by a multicentric trial led by different Hospitals and University in Italy and abroad. Very serious aesthetic defects such as pectus excavatum, Poland Syndrome, postoperative traumas, in addition to common aesthetic defects such as lips, cheek-bone and chin hypovolumetry and relaxing of nasolabial sulcus, have been treated by surgical implant of Bio-AlcamidT."
• "Aesthetic results were excellent; tissues felt soft and the implants were uniformly distributed. No migration or dislocation of the implants, no granulomas, no allergic response and no kind of intolerance were observed."
• "Only 12/2000 patients had post-operative complications (Staphylococcus infections) and only 3/12 cases could be directly ascribed to the implanted material."
• "For its characteristics, Bio-AlcamidT can be considered a novelty in the aesthetic and reconstructive surgery; it is absolutely biocompatible, non toxic, non allergenic, easily injectable and quickly removable."
• "Bio-AlcamidT can be defined as a sort of "endoprosthesis", perfectly suitable for soft tissue augmentation and for the correction of different tissue deficiencies, with a long-term safety and efficiency."

'Bio-Alcamid™: A Novel Prosthetic Polymer, Does Not Interfere With Morphological and Functional Characteristics on Human Skin Fibroblasts.'
Drs. Pacini, Ruggiero, Morucci, Cammarota, Protopapa, and Gulisano American Journal of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. 111(1):489-91, January 2003

Summary:

• "These results suggest that Bio-Alcamid™ has to be considered totally biocompatible as far as the effects on cell proliferation and cell functions are concerned."
• "These features make the polymer suitable for long-term reconstruction of tissue damage even when large amounts of the polymer are used."

'Bio-Alcamid™: An Electron Microscopic Study'
Drs. Cammarota, Formigli, Zecchi, Orlandini, Protopapa Universities of Siena, Firenze and Parma American Journal of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery. 113 (3):1104-1106, March 2004

Summary:

• Objective: To assess the Bio-Alcamid™ implant through an electron microscopy point of view.
• "At the interface capsule/biopolymer there were numerous connective fibrils anchoring the biomaterial to the deeper fibroblastic layer of the capsule. No sign of tissue infiltration was ever observed around the implant sites."
• "The research executed by light and electron microscope has provided that, among the numerous substances used up to now as fillers, none has demonstrated such outstanding qualities as Bio-Alcamid™".